Lipoprint^® System for LDL Subfractionation Literature

• Differences in HDL Subfraction Distribution in Normolipidemic Versus Dyslipidemic Individuals (pdf format) J. Morais, N. Muniz. Presented at AACC, Orlando, FL (July 2005).
• Lipoprotein Subfraction Testing with the Lipoprint® System - Easy, Accurate and Comprehensive (pdf format) D. Duncan, J. Morais, N. Muniz, G. Neyer. Presented at CLAS, Northbrook, IL (May 2004).
• Measurement and Distribution of HDL subclasses with the new Lipoprint® HDL Method (pdf format) J. Morais, G. Neyer, N. Muniz. Presented at AACC, Philadelphia, PA (July 2003).
• Impact of Triglyceride Concentration on the Levels of Lipoprotein Fractions and Subfractions in a Random Population (pdf format) Muniz N., Neyer G., Duncan D. Paper presented at AACC, Orlando, FL. (August 2002).
• A New Tool for the Automated Analysis of LDL Subfraction Patterns Generated by the LipoprintT LDL System. (pdf format) Muniz N., Duncan D., Neyer G. Paper presented at The Frontiers in Lipoprotein and Vascular Disease, St Louis, MO. (2000).
• Send email request to Mayo Medical Laboratories by clicking on the following: Mayo Medical Laboratories New Test Annoucement: LDL Subfraction, Plasma, #81913. May 2000.
• Send email request to Quantimetrix by clicking on the following: Investigation of Low Density Lipoprotein Subfractions as a Coronary Risk Factor in Normotriglyceridaemic Men. Rajman I., Cramb R., et al. Atherosclerosis 125 (1996) 231-242.

1. Low density lipoprotein particle diameter in young, nonobese, normolipidemic Japanese men. Kazumi T., Kawaguchi A., et al. Atherosclerosis 142 (1999) 113.
   
   Abstract: LDL particle size, as determined by the method of Krauss (Gradient Gel Electrophoresis or GGE, see 9 below), was compared to Rf values for various fractions obtained with the Lipoprint System. 223 samples were tested and a correlation (r=0.85) was found. They were comparable to previously published results (see 3). Sixteen samples were subjected to ultracentrifugation and subsequent particle diameter analysis via electron microscopy. The authors state on p.117 that "LDL-PPD measured using continuous electrophoresis was identical to peak particle diameter of LDL which was isolated by ultracentrifugation and was measured directly using an electron microscopy." Note: LDL-PPD means low densitylipoprotein - peak particle diameter.
   
   
2. A pilot study of garlic consumption shows no significant effect on markers of oxidation or subfraction composition of low-density lipoprotein including lipoprotein(a) after allowance for non-compliance and the placebo effect. Byrne D.J., Neil H.A.W., et al. Clin.Chim.Acta 285 (1999) 21.
   
   Abstract: The use of the Lipoprint System as a clinical tool in a double-blind, randomized study is described. The LDL fractions obtained are referenced to ultracentrifugation and Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (GGE).
   
   
3. A simple method for identifying particle size of low-density lipoprotein using PAG electrophoresis: Comparison between LipoPhor and Lipoprint LDL systems. (English and Japanese version) Mishima Y., Ando M., et al., Domyaku Kouka 25 (1997) 67.
   
   Abstract: 24 patient samples were analyzed using the Lipoprint System to determine the Rf values of various LDL fractions. 13 of these samples were analyzed by Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (GGE) and the resulting particle sizes were correlated to Rf values. A strong correlation (r=0.87) was found. Note: PAG electrophoresis= polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
   
   
4. LDL apheresis reduces the susceptibility of LDL to in vitro oxidation in a diabetic patient with hemodialysis treatment. Inoue I., Takahashi K., et al., Diabetes Care 19 (1996) 1103.
   
   Abstract: The Lipoprint System was used to separate VLDL (1 band), IDL (3 bands), LDL (7 bands) and HDL (1 band). 12 lipoprotein fractions were isolated using density gradient ultracentrifugation and the cholesterol contained in each band was measured. At the same time the area percentage of the various LDL fractions (7 total) was measured. Note: This was done without using the Lipoprint name but the procedural steps on page 1104 let us conclude that, in fact, the Lipoprint system was used: "The lipoproteins prestained by Sudan Black B were fractionated electrophoretically in the (sic!) 3% polyacrylamide disc gel [..]. Electrophoresis proceeded at 3 mA per gel tube for 50 min., by which time the HDL band reached about 5 mm above the bottom of the tubes."
   
   
5. Identification and characteristic of LDL-subfractions in human plasma. Kholodova Y.D., Harris W.S., Ukrain. Biochem. J. 67 (1995) 113.
   
   Abstract: The cholesterol content of various LDL fractions, isolated by ultracentrifugation, was compared to the area under the curve for LDL fractions obtained with the Lipoprint System. 34 subjects, along with pooled serum samples, were studied.

1. Small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles as a predictor of the risk of ischemic heart disease in men. Després J-P., Lamarche B., et al., Circulation 95 (1997) 69.
   
   Abstract: A prospective study of 4,637 men concluded that a significant proportion of the risk for heart disease associated with small, dense LDL particles may be independent of variations in plasma lipid concentrations. Small LDL particles and elevated apo B levels were found to be the most predictive indications for ischemic heart disease.
   
   
2. Lipoprotein subclasses in the monitored atherosclerosis regression study (MARS). Mack W.J., Krauss R.M., Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 16 (1996) 697.
   
   Abstract: The effects of lovastatin treatment on the different LDL and HDL subclasses were evaluated. Triglyceride rich lipoproteins and HDL3 were identified as independent risk factors for the progression of CAD.
   
   
3. Treatment of primary mixed hyperlipidemia with etophylline clofibrate effects on lipoprotein- modifying enzymes, postprandial lipoprotein metabolism, and lipoprotein distribution and composition. Patsch J.R., Foger B., et al., Atherosclerosis 117 (1995) 253.
   
   Abstract: Treatment of patients with etophylline clofibrate resulted in a decrease of the triglyceride content of LDL and a concomitant increase in particle size.
   
   
4. Particle size: the key to the atherogenic lipoprotein? Rajman I., Maxwell S., et al., Q.J.Med. 87 (1994) 709.
   
   Abstract: This article is an excellent review of lipoprotein atherogenicity.
   
   
5. Pravastatin effectively lowers LDL cholesterol in familial combined hyperlipidemia without changing LDL subclass pattern. Franceschini G., Cassinotti M., et al., Arterioscler.Thromb. 14 (1994) 1569.
   
   Abstract: The effects of pravastatin on the lipid profiles of 12 patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia were investigated. The drug effectively lowers LDL levels and increases HDL levels in plasma. However, LDL particle size distribution was not significantly affected.
   
   
6. Heterogeneity of plasma low-density lipoproteins and atherosclerosis risk. Krauss R.M., Curr.Opin.Lipidol. 5 (1994) 339.
   
   Abstract: A review article by the proponent of gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE).
   
   
7. Low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns and risk of myocardial infarction. Austin M.A., Breslow J.L., Krauss R.M, et al., JAMA 260 (1988) 1917.
   
   Abstract: LDL subclasses of 230 subjects were determined by gradient gel electrophoresis. Small, dense LDL particles were significantly associated with a threefold increased risk of myocardial infarction.
   
   
8. Relationship of intermediate and low-density lipoprotein subspecies to risk of coronary artery disease. Krauss R.M., Am. Heart J. 113 (1987) 578.
   
   Abstract: A metabolic model for the production of IDL and LDL subspecies is presented. Density gradient ultracentrifugation and nondenaturating gradient gel electrophoresis are compared side-by-side.
   
   
9. Identification of multiple subclasses of plasma low density lipoproteins in normal humans. Krauss R.M., Burke D.J., J. Lipid. Res. 23 (1982) 97.
   
   Abstract: Seven LDL subclasses with particle sizes between 220-272 Å were identified using density gradient ultracentrifugation and gradient gel electrophoresis.